Hackers guid to MLton IR

[Suresh Jagannathan]

Dan,

I'm attaching a postscript copy of a paper very much in progress that
discusses the various phases of the IL.  This might give you a good
start on understanding the CPS IR.  Let me know if you'd like to meet
sometime to go over questions in person.  Enjoyed your talk at NJ/PLS,
BTW.

	-- Suresh

=======================================

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Fm(y)k Fj(of)889 1106 y Fm(:)15 b(:)g(:)889 1219 y Fj(|)30
b Fm(C)37 b(r)c Fj(=>)71 b(let)60 b Fm(z)1560 1186 y
Fg(0)1613 1219 y Fj(=)30 b Fi(X)13 b Fo(\()p Fm(z)t(;)i
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Fm(r)s Fj(,)29 b Fm(z)1943 1299 y Fg(0)1967 1332 y Fj(\))1518
1445 y Fm(v)1565 1412 y Fg(0)1619 1445 y Fj(=)h Fi(X)13
b Fo(\()p Fm(v)s(;)i Fl(F)d Fo(\()p Fl(last)g Fo(\()p
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1558 y Fj(in)30 b Fm(v)1483 1525 y Fg(0)1310 1671 y Fj(end)889
1783 y Fm(:)15 b(:)g(:)264 1939 y Fo(where)30 b(there)g(is)g(one)g
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b Fi(2)g Fl(F)12 b Fo(\()p Fm(y)s Fo(\),)32 b(where)e
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2051 y Fm(f)k Fo(=)25 b Fi(N)13 b Fo(\()p Fj(fn)30 b
Fm(w)j Fj(=>)d Fm(e)p Fo(\),)h(and)f Fm(z)1268 2018 y
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2018 y Fg(0)1728 2051 y Fo(are)g(fresh)g(v)-5 b(ariables.)148
2202 y(6.)46 b([)-15 b([)p Fm(C)37 b(y)s Fo(])-15 b(])484
2216 y Ff(x)553 2202 y Fo(=)67 b Fj(let)60 b Fm(y)943
2169 y Fg(0)996 2202 y Fj(=)30 b Fi(X)13 b Fo(\()p Fm(y)s(;)i
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2282 y Fg(0)691 2428 y Fj(in)29 b Fm(r)691 2541 y Fj(end)264
2653 y Fo(where)h Fm(y)575 2620 y Fg(0)628 2653 y Fo(and)g
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2803 y Fo(=)66 b Fj(case)30 b Fm(y)j Fj(of)1841 2916
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3870 4 v 8 4941 a Fk(5.3.2)106 b(Correctness)8 5112 y
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%%Page: 15 15
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236 3150 517 4 v 236 3291 4 141 v 74 w Fm(\032;)15 b(x)25
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749 3291 V 236 3294 517 4 v 236 3371 a(By)k(de\014nition)e(of)j
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b Fo(\()p Fm(\032)p Fo(\()p Fm(x)p Fo(\))p Fm(;)15 b
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3480 1756 4 v 236 3638 4 159 v 74 w Fm(\032;)j Fj(fn)30
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Fo(\()p Fm(x)p Fo(\)\))p 1024 4195 V 236 4198 792 4 v
236 4275 a(W)-8 b(e)21 b(w)m(an)m(t)g(to)g(sho)m(w)f(that)h
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b Fm(C)7 b Fo(\()p Fi(S)g Fo(\()p Fm(v)s(;)15 b Fl(F)d
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Fm(v)s(;)15 b Fl(F)d Fo(\()p Fm(C)7 b Fo(\)\).)145 4662
y Fi(\017)p 236 4497 1883 4 v 236 4782 4 286 v 315 4601
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1806 4 v 936 4723 a(\032;)15 b Fo(\()p Fm(y)34 b(z)t
Fo(\))26 b Fm(,)-15 b Fi(!)25 b Fm(v)p 2115 4782 4 286
v 236 4785 1883 4 v 236 4944 a Fo(W)-8 b(e)24 b(w)m(an)m(t)h(to)f(sho)m
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b Fm(,)-15 b Fi(!)25 b(S)7 b Fo(\()p Fm(v)s(;)15 b Fl(F)d
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(soundness,)h(w)m(e)f(kno)m(w)h(there)g(exists)236 5057
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y(ha)m(v)m(e)35 b Fi(S)7 b Fo(\()p Fm(\032)p Fo(\)\()p
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Fm(x)2994 1533 y Ff(i)3022 1519 y Fo(\)])p Fm(;)32 b(H)3222
1486 y Fg(0)3245 1519 y Fm(;)e(K)22 b Fi(i)198 1632 y
Fo(where)30 b Fj(label)f Fm(j)5 b Fo(\()p Fm(y)852 1646
y Fh(1)892 1632 y Fm(;)15 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(;)f(y)1138 1646
y Ff(n)1185 1632 y Fo(\))31 b Fj(=)f Fm(e)c Fi(2)f Fl(Pr)-5
b(o)g(g)78 1744 y Fo(\(9\))32 b Fi(h)15 b Fc(let)g Fi(h)g(i)g
Fc(in)h Fj(raise)29 b Fo(\()p Fm(x)926 1758 y Fh(1)966
1744 y Fm(;)15 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(;)f(x)1219 1758 y Ff(n)1267
1744 y Fo(\))p Fm(;)30 b(\032;)h(j)g Fo(::)26 b Fm(H)r(;)k(K)22
b Fi(i)k(\000)-16 b(!)25 b(h)15 b Fm(e;)32 b(\032)p Fo([)p
Fm(y)2334 1758 y Ff(i)2387 1744 y Fi(7!)25 b Fm(\032)p
Fo(\()p Fm(x)2637 1758 y Ff(i)2666 1744 y Fo(\)])p Fm(;)31
b(H)r(;)f(K)22 b Fi(i)198 1857 y Fo(where)30 b Fj(label)f
Fm(j)5 b Fo(\()p Fm(y)852 1871 y Fh(1)892 1857 y Fm(;)15
b(:)g(:)g(:)h(;)f(y)1138 1871 y Ff(n)1185 1857 y Fo(\))31
b Fj(=)f Fm(e)c Fi(2)f Fl(Pr)-5 b(o)g(g)78 1970 y Fo(\(10\))32
b Fi(h)15 b Fc(let)h Fi(h)f(i)g Fc(in)g Fj(raise)29 b
Fo(\()p Fm(x)971 1984 y Fh(1)1011 1970 y Fm(;)15 b(:)g(:)g(:)i(;)e(x)
1265 1984 y Ff(n)1312 1970 y Fo(\))p Fm(;)31 b(\032;)g
Fo([)f(])p Fm(;)h Fi(h)p Fm(\032)1724 1937 y Fg(0)1748
1970 y Fm(;)15 b(j;)g(H)7 b Fi(i)26 b Fo(::)g Fm(K)c
Fi(i)k(\000)-16 b(!)25 b(h)15 b Fc(let)h Fi(h)f(i)g Fc(in)h
Fj(raise)29 b Fo(\()p Fm(x)3118 1984 y Fh(1)3158 1970
y Fm(;)15 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(;)f(x)3411 1984 y Ff(n)3459 1970
y Fo(\))p Fm(;)30 b(\032)3596 1937 y Fg(0)3620 1970 y
Fm(;)g(H)r(;)h(K)22 b Fi(i)1319 2249 y Fo(Figure)30 b(11:)42
b(CPS)29 b(seman)m(tics)p 3875 2292 V 8 2295 3870 4 v
149 2552 a(There)35 b(are)h(t)m(w)m(o)h(categories)g(of)e(rules,)h(one)
f(for)g(declarations)g(\(Rules)g(1-4\))i(and)d(the)i(other)g(for)f
(transfer)8 2665 y(expressions)c(\(Rules)h(5-10\).)49
b(Rule)31 b(\(1\))i(sp)s(eci\014es)e(that)i Fc(let)p
Fo(-bindings)d(are)i(ev)-5 b(aluated)33 b(left-to-righ)m(t,)h(and)e
(that)8 2778 y(simple)f(bindings)f(extend)i(the)h(en)m(vironmen)m(t)g
(with)e(the)i(appropriate)f(binding-v)-5 b(alue)30 b(\()p
Fi(P)7 b Fo(\(\()p Fm(;)15 b(b)p Fo(\))p Fm(;)g(\032)p
Fo(\))36 b(ev)-5 b(aluates)8 2891 y(a)40 b(simple)e(binding)f(in)h(en)m
(vironmen)m(t)h Fm(\032)p Fo(\).)69 b(Rules)39 b(\(2\))h(and)g(\(3\))g
(push)e(and)h(p)s(op)g(handlers)f(on)h(the)h(handler)8
3004 y(stac)m(k.)47 b(Rule)31 b(4)h(indicates)f(that)h(ev)-5
b(aluating)32 b(a)g(top-lev)m(el)g(function)e(declaration)i(in)m(v)m
(olv)m(es)g(no)f(c)m(hange)i(to)g(the)8 3117 y(en)m(vironmen)m(t,)41
b(handler,)f(or)f(con)m(tin)m(uation)g(stac)m(k.)68 b(Rules)37
b(\(5\))k(and)d(\(6\))i(de\014ne)e(the)h(b)s(eha)m(vior)f(of)i(tail)e
(and)8 3230 y(non-tail)c(calls)f(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8
b(.)53 b(A)34 b(tail-call)f(simply)f(causes)j(con)m(trol)g(to)g
(transfer)f(to)h(its)e(argumen)m(t)i(function.)8 3343
y(The)c(handler)f(stac)m(k)k(de\014nes)c(a)i(lo)s(cal)f(stac)m(k)j
(that)e(do)s(es)f(not)h(cross)g(non-lo)s(cal)f(transfer)g(b)s
(oundaries.)42 b(Hence,)8 3455 y(the)34 b(mac)m(hine)g(requires)e(that)
j(it)e(b)s(e)g(empt)m(y)h(when)f(the)h(tail)f(call)g(is)g(executed.)52
b(T)-8 b(o)34 b(execute)i(a)e(non-tail)f(call,)8 3568
y(the)26 b(mac)m(hine)f(extends)g(the)g(con)m(tin)m(uation)g(stac)m(k)i
(with)d(a)i(triple)d(indicating)g(the)j(en)m(vironmen)m(t)f(to)h(b)s(e)
e(restored)8 3681 y(up)s(on)h(return,)i(the)f(lab)s(el)f(of)i(the)f
(con)m(tin)m(uation)h(to)g(whic)m(h)e(con)m(trol)i(should)d(b)s(e)i
(transferred)g(up)s(on)e(return,)j(and)8 3794 y(the)c(curren)m(t)g
(handler)e(stac)m(k.)40 b(As)22 b(with)g(a)h(tail-call,)g(ev)-5
b(aluation)23 b(of)g(the)g(function)e(b)s(o)s(dy)g(b)s(egins)h(with)f
(an)i(empt)m(y)8 3907 y(handler)31 b(stac)m(k.)48 b(Rule)31
b(\(7\))j(ev)-5 b(aluates)33 b(a)g(lo)s(cal)e(jump.)46
b(Jumps)30 b(are)j(similar)d(to)j(tail-calls)e(except)i(there)g(is)e
(no)8 4020 y(requiremen)m(t)h(that)h(the)g(handler)e(stac)m(k)j(b)s(e)e
(empt)m(y)h(since)f(jumps)f(de\014ne)h(lo)s(cal)g(\(in)m(tra-pro)s
(cedural\))g(transfer)8 4133 y(p)s(oin)m(ts.)67 b(Rule)39
b(\(8\))h(de\014nes)f(return)g(op)s(erations.)67 b(The)39
b(con)m(tin)m(uation)g(to)i(whic)m(h)d(con)m(trol)i(returns,)h(from)e
(a)8 4246 y(function)26 b(call)h(is)f(found)g(on)h(the)g(top)g(of)h
(the)f(con)m(tin)m(uation)g(stac)m(k.)41 b(The)27 b(lo)s(cal)f(handler)
f(stac)m(k)k(is)d(also)h(restored)8 4359 y(prior)g(to)i(ev)-5
b(aluating)27 b(the)h(con)m(tin)m(uation.)40 b(Note)30
b(also)e(that)h(the)f(seman)m(tics)g(requires)f(the)h(lo)s(cal)g
(handler)e(stac)m(k)8 4472 y(to)31 b(b)s(e)e(empt)m(y)h(when)f(the)h
(op)s(eration)f(executes.)42 b(Rules)28 b(\(9\))j(and)f(\(10\))h
(de\014ne)e(non-lo)s(cal)g(transfer)g(op)s(erations)8
4585 y(initiated)g(when)g(an)i(exception)f(is)g(raised.)1898
5532 y(20)p eop
%%Trailer
end
userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if
%%EOF